BASALT
THE MATERIAL
FOR THE 21ST SENTURY
Basalt is well known as
rock found in virtually every country around the world. Its main use is as a
crushed rock used in construction, industrial and highway engineering. However
it is not commonly known that basalt can be used in manufacturing and made into
fine, superfine and ultra fine fibers. Comprised of single-ingredient raw
material melt, basalt fibers are superior to other fibers in terms of
thermal stability, heat and sound insulation properties, vibration resistance
and durability.
Basalt continuous fibers
offer the prospect of a completely new range of composite materials and
products.
Basalt products have no
toxic re-action with air or water, are non-combustible and explosion proof.
When in contact with other chemicals they produce no chemical reactions that
may damage health or the environment. Basalt replace almost all applications of
asbestos and has three times its heat insulation properties. Basalt based
composites can replace steel and all known reinforced plastics (1 kg of basalt
reinforcement equals 9.6 kg of steel). The life of basalt fiber pipes, designed
for a variety of applications, is at least 50 years without maintenance or
electrical or technical protection.
Basalt fibers together with carbon or ceramic fibers as well as
various metals is the most advanced and exciting area of application, as they
can develop new hybrid composite materials and technologies.
Basalts special properties
reduces the cost of products whilst improving their performance. More than
hundred specific unique manufacturing techniques using basalt fiber materials
and products have been developed and patented in Russia.
BASALT BASED BOARD AND BOARD SHEETS
BASALT FIBRES
Basalt fibers are new
unique and economic products with superior properties to similar one in present
use like as glass fibers.
These fibers as a basis for
composites open a new page in the 21st century material science.
In thermal
conductivity, articles made of basalt fibers are 3 times as efficient as those
made of asbestos, and superior to glass and mineral fibers. The application
temperature of articles made of basalt fibers markedly higher (from 2600C
to 9000C).
In their physical
properties (strength, elasticity) basalt fibers considerably exceed mineral
and glass fibers.
Due the elasticity of micro- and macrostructure, basalt fibers are
vibration-resistant compared to similar products. This property is of
particular importance in mechanical construction and civil engineering. For
example, when buildings are erected near highways, railways and underground,
whereas under vibration cushions of mineral and glass fibers experience damage
and finally disintegrate, basalt slabs are vibration-resistant and, hence, more
durable.
In chemical
properties basalt fibers are more resistant to aggressive media i. e. acids and alkalis. Therefore pipes made of
basalt fibers may be used in the chemical production for transporting hot
acids, in the construction of sewerage systems, transportation of aggressive
liquids and gases, loose materials, etc.
Dielectric
properties of basalt-plastics, in particular volume resistance of basalt
fibers are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of fiberglass.
Basalt fibers can be
used in various branches of industry fully replacing cancerous asbestos and to
a considerable degree glass fibers and metals.
Comparison table of basalt fiber and glass
fiber properties
PROPERTIES |
Basalt fiber |
Glass fiber |
THERMAL Operating
temperature, C Verification temperature, C Thermal
conductivity, W/m.K |
-260+700 1050 0,031 - 0,038 |
-60+460 600 0,034 - 0,4 |
PHYSICAL Diameter
of fiber, mkm Tex, g/km Density,
kg/m³ Elasticity
modulus, kg/mm² Stability
at tension (after
thermal treatment), % 20C 200C 400C |
9 13 28 120 2500 2800 9100 11000 100 95 82 |
6 17 17 480 2540 2600 7200 100 92 52 |
CHEMICAL
RESISTANCE OF RAW FIBERS WITHOUT SIZING % weight
loss after boiling during 3
hours in H2O 2N NaOH 2N HCl |
1,6 2,75 2,2 |
6,2 6,0 38,9 |
ELECTRICAL
Specific
volume electrical Resistance
, Ohm.m |
1*10¹² |
1*10¹¹ |
ACOUSTICAL Normal
coefficient of sound absorption |
0,9 0,99 |
0,8 0,93 |
The processing
technologies of basalt fiber conforms to traditional technologies of glass fiber processing (fabrics, roving, chopped
strands, GFRP). Thanks to their excellent properties basalt fiber may be used
for manufacturing of thermo and alkali resistant articles (tanks, pipes, GFRP,
warm insulating materials) and as ecological harmless substitute for asbestos.
At
present time we produce a wide range of basalt fiber materials, the list and
technical characteristics are included.
FIELDS OF APLICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION
Reinforcement of bridges, tunnels.
Production of
sandwich-panels based on basalt and carbon-basalt fibers.
External
and internal heat and sound insulation.
Insulation of panel butt joints.
Directional and dispersive
reinforcement of concrete.
Repair (healing) of cracks, local damage to buildings, bridges, building
constructions.
Soft roofing (of slate and tile type).
Reusable shutters.
Internal waste pipes.
Reinforced structures
Heat-supply systems, cable conduits.
Hydraulic construction.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Reinforcement of concrete and asphalt pavements runways.
Construction of sound-absorbing barriers for highways, railways, and
underground metro lines.
Curb stones, pavement linings (basalt casting).
Small moulds.
ENGINEERING NETWORKS
Pipelines for heating and hot water supply.
Pipelines for heat supply.
Canalization.
Oil and gas pipelines.
Cable-conduit, telephone systems protected against electromagnetic fields
and information leakage through electronic surveillance.
Highly efficient seals and
linings for pipelines.
Pipes for chemicals production and transportation of aggressive media.
Pumps for aggressive media.
AGRICULTURE
Land drainage pipes.
Pipes for irrigation and hosing.
Raising vegetables and seedlings (hydroponics) (Basalt superthin
fibers).
Agricultural construction.
Agricultural machine construction.
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
Anchors, pillars, ceilings, vaults.
Pipelines for various purposes.
Foundations for buildings and constructions. Trenches laying of
pipelines.
MACHINE CONSTRUCTION
Case and body parts.
Heat-resistance body-containers.
Refrigerators.
Completely incombustible thermal sound insulation for cabins, motor
compartments, metro carriages, vessels and aircrafts.
Electrotechnical and electronic circuit boards.
Brake pads for automobiles, aircrafts, metro carriages and coaches.
Friction disks for autotractor facilities.
Frame sections.
Reinforcement for industrial rubber and other articles.
Acoustic systems and articles.
Belts for heavy-loaded conveyers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Protection screens against electromagnetic radiation and information
read-out.
New generation body armor for individual and collective protection.
Fireproofing and heat-protection working clothes.
Containers for burial of extremely toxic waste.
Basalt-carbon heaters for clothes, rooms, incubators
etc.
STP 1023811-51-95
Multifilament
yarn (or strand) consist of elementary fibers diameter 9 13 mcm bonded
together with sizing paraffin emulsion. In accordance with users request the
strands may be furnished with an other sizing.
The
twist number depends on the fabric type, the yarns may have the linear density
from 54 up to 80 tex.
The
production of basalt yarns with nominal linear density from 54 up to 140 tex
and elementary fibers diameter from 9 up to 13 mcm has good perspectives.
Properties
of asbestos and basalt yarns
Properties |
Asbestos |
Basalt |
Thermal
resistance, C Melting
temperature, C Breaking
load for the yarn of 500 tex, N at 20 C at 400 C at 500 C Loss in
25% solution of Na OH after 72 h.,w % Loss in
37% solution of H Cl after 4 h.,w % Density,
g/cm³ |
500 1550 12 1,4 0,5 1,23 60 2,5 |
700 1450 145 75 12,2 3,12 37 2,8 |
ROVING MADE FROM BASALT FIBER
STRANDS
TU 5952-030-00204949-95
Roving may have the linear density from 120 up to 4800 tex, with elementary fiber diameter from 9 up to 13 mcm furnished with sizing paraffin emulsion or 4S. In accordance with users request the roving may be treated with an other sizings.
Physical and mechanical properties
Properties |
Norms |
1. Specific breaking load, mN/tex (df/tex) not
less than for roving with elementary fiber diameter
9 mcm
12 mcm |
320 (32) 250 (25) |
2. Deviation from norm of elementary fiber
diameter
9 mcm
12 mcm |
-1; +2 -2: +1 |
3. Deviation from norm of linear density, % (average relatively to nominal) |
15 |
4. Humidity, % not more than |
1,0 |
5. Loss on ignition, % -
paraffin
emulsion -
sizing
4C not less than |
1,1-1,9 0,5 |
6. Weight of package |
According to users request |
Basalt roving may be used for production of
BFRP, woven and non-woven materials of technical application, for reinforcement
of plastics.
Structure of roving |
Liner density (tex) |
Deviation from norm of linear density (tex) |
Specific breaking load, mN/tex (df/tex) |
Loss on ignition, % not less than |
Humidity (%) |
RB9
1100 4S |
1100 |
165 |
352 (35,2) |
0,4 |
0,3 |
RB9 725
4S |
725 |
108,75 |
232 (23,2) |
0,4 |
0,3 |
RB9
2400 4S |
2400 |
360 |
768 (76,8) |
0,4 |
0,3 |
RB9 400
4S |
400 |
60 |
128 (12,8) |
0,4 |
0,3 |
RB13
2520 - 76 |
2520 |
378 |
806 (80,64) |
0,5 |
0,3 |
RB17
1200 |
1200 |
180 |
384 (38,4) |
0,5 |
0,3 |
RB17 -
1680 |
1680 |
252 |
537 (53,76) |
0,5 |
0,3 |
TU 5952-031-00204949-95
Basalt
fabrics are produced for structural, electro technical, general and specialized
purposes.
For
structural uses, basalt fabrics are useful for producing structural basalt
plastics based on various thermosetting
binders: exposy and phenolic polyesters (for instance by a laying out
method). From this materials components for automobiles, aircraft, ships and
household appliances can be produced. In the case of preliminary metallization
of the fabrics, the resulting basalt plastic acquires shield properties
against electromagnetic radiation.
Also,
basalt fabrics can be used as a basis when producing soft and rigid roofing.
Basalt
fabrics for electrotechnical purposes are used as a base for the production of
insulation materials. Their properties are shown table. These materials are
employed in the production of substrates for printed circuit boards for
electronics and electrical engineering. These have superior properties to
similar conventional components made of fiberglass.
General
purpose fabrics are useful, for instance, in fire feltings for suppression of
extremely complex fires resulting from ignition of highly inflammable liquids,
in particular gasoline. The employment of incombustible basalt fabric inserts
in industrial ventilators increases their fire safety as well as the fire
resistance of ventilating systems.
The
cost of basalt fabrics is considerably lower than that of similar materials.
The noncombustible properties of
basalt woven materials enable it to resist flames for long periods which make
basalt tapes effective as an extra fine resistance insulation fer electric
cables and underground ducts.
Basalt
fabric hoses may be useful for reinforcing cables, repairing the interior and
exterior of tubes and pipelines.
Type |
Surface density g/m² |
Thickness mm |
Density Threads/cm |
Breaking load N (kgf) |
Weave |
||
Warp |
Weft |
Warp |
Weft |
||||
BT-5 |
16015 |
0,150,015 |
10+1 |
51 |
882(90) |
539(55) |
Plain 1/1 |
BT-8 |
21020 |
0,180,02 |
10+1 |
81 |
931(95) |
784(80) |
Plain 1/1 |
BT-10 |
22520 |
0,170,02 |
10+1 |
121 |
931(95) |
980(100) |
Satin 5/3 |
BT-11 |
38025 |
0,290,03 |
22+1 |
131 |
1715(175) |
980(100) |
Satin 5/3 |
BT-13 |
26020 |
0,250,03 |
16+1 |
81 |
1225(125) |
784(80) |
Plain 1/1 |
Name |
Weaving type |
Breaking load N (kgf) |
Surface density g/m² |
Thickness mm |
Width, cm |
|
Warp |
Weft |
|||||
BT-5 |
Linen |
882(90) |
539(55) |
160 |
0,15 |
100 |
BT-8 |
Linen |
931(95) |
784(80) |
210 |
0,18 |
100 |
BT-10 |
Steen |
931(95) |
980(100) |
225 |
0,17 |
100 |
BT-11 |
Steen |
1715(175) |
980(100) |
385 |
0,27 |
100 |
BT-13 |
Linen |
1225(125) |
784(80) |
250 |
0,22 |
100 |
BT-100 |
Linen |
784(80) |
178(80) |
210 |
0,19 |
100 |
BFS-220 |
Steen |
(80) |
(80) |
220 |
0,18 |
90 |
BFL-240 |
Linen |
(104) |
(107) |
240 |
0,22 |
90 |
BFL-270 |
Linen |
(123) |
(86) |
270 |
0,22 |
90 |
BFA-350 |
Atlas |
(182) |
(73) |
350 |
0,23 |
90 |
BFL-580 |
Linen |
|
|
580 |
0,52 |
150 |
BFL-750 |
Linen |
(335) |
(320) |
750 |
0,65 |
150 |
BFS-750 |
Twill |
(450) |
(220) |
750 |
0,75 |
150 |
BFL-100 |
Linen |
(487) |
(281) |
1000 |
0,92 |
150 |
BFS-100 |
Twill |
(497) |
(281) |
1100 |
0,86 |
150 |
Basalt
fabrics have the width of 100 cm with
deviation +2/-1% from the norm. Fabrics can be produced with the width up to
200 cm. Basalt fabrics are produced from basalt twisted yarns treated with
sizing paraffin emulsion, with direct sizing or with finish. The choice of
sizing type depends on users request. Basalt fabrics are intended for producing
of constructional basalt plastics and fire resistance materials.
TU 5952-027-00204949-95
Type |
Surface density g/m² |
Thickness Mm |
Density Threads/cm |
Breaking load N (kgf) |
Weave |
||
Warp |
Weft |
Warp |
Weft |
||||
TBK 100 |
21020 |
0,190,025 |
10+1 |
81 |
784(80) |
784(80) |
Plain |
Basalt fabric of the type TBK 100
is destined for producing of roofing and water proofing materials.
TU 5952-034-00204949-95
Chopped
fiber is a mixture of shot cuts of complex basalt yarns. We use complex yarns
with the linear density 54, 120, 240 tex treated with different type of sizing.
Length, mm |
Diameter
of filament, mcm |
Moisture content,
% |
Not
chopped fibers in
lot, % |
Loss on
ignition, % not less than |
(6-83)+0,5 |
(8-17)+1 |
Not more than 5 |
Not more than 5 |
0,4 |
Chopped fiber is designed for
producing of friction materials (brake, linings, clutch, plates), for
reinforcement of concrete.
TU 5952-040-00204949-96
Basalt
net is useful for reinforcing asphalt-concrete (covering in construction,
reconstruction and repair of airports, runways, highways and any pavements,
pedestrian ways, road inclines and banks. The reinforcement of disc cutters
with basalt nets increases their reliability, safety, and the cutting process
output.
The strength of basalt net
is as good as metal reinforcement, however it is also 2.6 times lighter,
thereby simplifying transportation and handling in construction.
Basalt net is more durable
than metallic and glass-fiber reinforcement due to basalt fibers
Like all the basalt articles the net is an ecologically safe material.
Nets are produced from basalt
twisted yarns treated with sizing
paraffin emulsion and other types of sizing.
Properties |
Types of nets |
|||||
SBA 5×5 |
SBA 6×5 |
SBA 10×10 |
SBA P 5×5 |
SBA P 6×5 |
SBA P 10×10 |
|
Mesh
dimensions, mm |
5×5 |
6×5 |
10×10 |
5×5 |
6×5 |
10×10 |
Surface
density, g/m² |
7010 |
6010 |
355 |
8015 |
7015 |
4510 |
Width, cm |
100+2/-1 |
100+2/-1 |
100+2/-1 |
100+2/-1 |
100+2/-1 |
100+2/-1 |
Count,
yarns/10cm Warp Weft |
|
|
|
|
|
|
202 |
151 |
101 |
202 |
151 |
101 |
|
202 |
202 |
101 |
202 |
202 |
101 |
|
Breaking
load, N(kgf) Not less than Warp Weft |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,6 |
0,5 |
0,3 |
0,7 |
0,6 |
0,3 |
|
0,3 |
0,3 |
0,15 |
0,3 |
0,3 |
0,15 |
|
Elongation
at rupture, %,warp,
not more than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
|
Binding
content, % Not more
than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
12 |
12 |
12 |
TU 2296-028-00204949-95
Type |
Surface density G/m2 |
Content of impregnating substance, g/m² |
Moisture content, % Not more than |
RBT |
160 - 470 |
4525 |
0,6 |
Rolled BFRP is used as warm
insulation cover of pipelines in- and out-of-doors at an ambient temperature
from 40 up to +70º C
Type |
Density, threads/cm Warp Weft |
Linear density, g/100m |
Width, mm |
Thickness, mm |
Weave |
|
LEB |
242 |
81 |
70030 |
201 |
0,350,02 |
Plane |
The
boards and stiffened sheets are produced from discrete basalt fibers, so
called basalt wool.
Depending
on the boards density, the may be soft, semi rigid, and rigid.
They
can be used in all cases where it is necessary to ensure heat and partial sound
insulation of areas. First of all, particularly in the residential buildings
for heat and sound insulation of walls, floors and ceilings. The stiffened
sheets are used for manufacturing multiplayer building panels of the sandwich
type consisting of concrete and basalt
or metal basalt metal layers. Basalt fittings are used to bond the layers
and basalt fittings are employed to insulate the panel butt joints.
The
board based roof lining is moisture proof and durable.
In
road construction, board of any density can be used for making sound
absorbing barriers for railways, highways and tunnels.
As
an excellent heat insulator the board will find a wide number of applications
in mechanical engineering. For example, in the construction of refrigerators,
refrigerated containers and automobile interiors. That is to say that the
boards can be employed in all cases where there are motors or motor
compartments: aircraft, ships, automobiles, tunnels etc.
The
soft board interlining in fire resistant or heat shielding working
clothes will protect a person against fire or cold. All industrial sectors will
find further applications for this unique
material.
Technical data of heat insulating board
TK-1-5 |
|
Density, kg/m³ max |
250 |
Thermal conductivity at 25º C
W/(m*º K), max |
0,045 |
Ultimate tensile strength, Mpa (kg/cm³),
min |
0,32 (3,2) |
Operating temperature, º C |
From 260º to +700º |
Technical data of heat insulating board
TK-4-6 |
|
Density, kg/m³ max |
90 |
Thermal conductivity at 25º C
W/(m*º K), max |
0,04 |
Ultimate tensile strength, Mpa (kg/cm³),
min |
0,07 (0,7) |
Operating temperature, º C |
From 260º to +700º |
The
mats are based on super thin basalt fiber of 2 m thickness the surface which is
laminated with an acoustically transparent sheathings. They are the most
reliable linings for noise absorbing devices in turbine and aircraft
manufacture, instrument making and acoustic systems creation.
They are nontoxic, incombustible and
explosion proof.
Technical data |
|
Application temperature, º C |
From 260º to +700º (900) |
Thickness, mm |
30, 50, 100, 200 |
SOUND ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS |
||
Frequencies |
Arithmetic mean reverberation coefficient of
sound absorption, min |
|
Mat thickness, mm 30 and 50 |
Mat thickness, mm 100 and 200 |
|
Low |
0.4 (II class) |
0,8 (I class) |
Medium |
0,9 (I class) |
0,9 (I class) |
High |
0,8 (I class) |
0,8 (I class) |
AND SOUND PROOFING MATS ATM
The
ATM mats are produced from superthin basalt fibers of 1u thickness the surface
of which is laminated with an acoustically transparent sheathing.
They
are useful as sound absorbing and sound proofing materials in the
construction of industrial structures, aircraft and instrument manufacture.
Also, the mats have good heat insulating properties.
They
are nontoxic, incombustible and explosion/proof.
Technical data |
|
Surface and density, g/m² |
330 to 1290 |
Density, kg/m³, at most |
41 48 |
Moisture content, % |
1,5 |
Thermal conductivity at 25º C
W/(m*º K) |
0,057 |
Thickness, mm |
5, 10, 15, 20 |
Limiting operating temperature |
+700 |
|
|
BASALT-PLASTIC PIPES
Basalt-fiber
composite pipes are obtained by winding basalt threads, fabrics, prepress
impregnated with a binder.
The pipes may be useful as
components for shaft linings, building components, for transporting corrosive
liquids and gases in the construction, industrial, agricultural and public
services sector.
Other possible areas of
application for basalt pipes are masts, aerials, frames, various pipes in
construction, communications, etc.
At
present, when the price difference between metal and composite pipes is
becoming smaller and in view of substantial advantages of the composite pipes,
their use in repair of old pipelines and construction of new ones is growing
dramatically.
Here are just eight advantages of basalt-plastic over metal pipes:
1.
The weight of one meter of basalt-plastic pipe
is 3 to 4 times less then that of steel pipe. This not only simplifies handling
operations, but also essentially reduces costs for transporting, load-lifting
and installation work.
2.
The strength of basalt-plastic pipe is several
times stronger than that of glass-fiber pipes and of the majority of steel
pipes. This kind of basalt-plastic makes it possible to create high-pressure
systems of higher reliability, i. e. over 1000 atm., which is not practical
with metal pipes.
3.
High chemical resistance to aggressive media
makes it possible to manufacture pipelines for transporting hydrogen sulfide,
acids, alkalis, etc.
4. And as a result of above, there is no need for insulation and
anti-corrosion measures.
5. Basalt pipes are resistant to the action of fungi and microorganisms.
6.
Basalt-plastic has a low thermal conductivity,
thereby preventing the deposition of salts and paraffin in pipelines requiring
no additional heat insulation.
7.
Being insulators, basalt-plastic pipes are
resistant to electrochemical corrosion. All this makes it possible to increase
the guaranteed service life of basalt-plastic pipes to 60-80 years, i. e. 2 to
3 times as that of metallic ones.
8.
The equipment intended for producing fiberglass
plastic pipes can be adapted to manufacture pipes of various diameters and wall thickness.
Comparative
characteristics of pipes for industrial water pipelines
at
50 atm pressure (outer diameter 500 mm)
Characteristics
of articles |
Seamless
pipes Tentative wall Thickness
is 10 mm |
Welded
pipes Made of
stainless Steel 12
x 18 HIOT. Wall
thickness is 5mm |
Basalt
plastic Wall
thickness 5 mm |
Service
life, years |
3 to 7 |
30 |
60 to 80 |
Electrocorrosion |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Thermal
conductivity, arb. Units |
200 |
200 |
1 |
Hydraulic
resistance (new/corroded) |
1.3/3.5 |
1.1/1.2 |
1/1 |
Weight of
1 run m., kg |
128.24 |
65 |
15 |
Price of
1 run m, % |
80 |
240 |
100 |
Labor
input, arb. Units |
56 |
56 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
Comparative
characteristics of steel,
glass-plastic
and basalt pipes
Characteristic |
Steel |
Glass
plastic |
Basalt
plastic |
Ultimate
tensile strength, Mpa |
200 |
140 |
150
(300)* |
Tensile
modulus, Gpa |
210 |
56 |
70 (160)* |
Density,
kg/m3 |
7800 |
1900 |
1700 |
Thermal
conductivity, kcal/mxhxdeg |
47 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
Volume
resistively, Ohmxm |
Conductor |
1x1010 |
4x1012 |
|
|
|
|
* Note: In the brackets are values
for pipe winding from hybrid basalt-carbon fibres. These properties indices
should be much higher.
Electrotechnical
characteristics
Properties |
Indices |
Volume
resistance, Ohmxm |
4.0x1011
6.0x1012 |
Relative
dielectric permeability (at 1 MHz) |
1.8 . . .
2.0 |
Density,
g/cm 3 |
2.7 to
3.0 |
Binder
content, % |
28 to 32 |
|
|
REINFORCEMENT RODS
Rods of unidirectional
basalt composite successfully replace metallic reinforcement. At higher
specific strength and resistance to aggressive media 1 kg of the basalt
reinforcement replaces 9.6 kg of metallic.
They are used in the
production of building components, panels, barriers, sidewalk, pavement and
facing slabs, and many other structural components.
In view of their high
electro-insulating properties, basalt bars are used for making insulators for
high-voltage power lines.
An
especially successful application of the bars is for reinforcement of concrete
slabs in hydraulic engineering and construction in seismically hazardous
regions, in view of the fact that due
To its chemical inertness the basalt
reinforcement is compatible with concretes having different pH, having
actually the same coefficient of thermal expansion, and no residual deformation
under bending.
Technical data
|
|
Density,
g/cm3 |
1,95 |
Thermal
conductivity, kcal/m*h*deg |
0.3 |
Ultimate strength, Mpa: |
|
Tensile |
1200 |
Compressive |
420 |
Bending |
800 |
Mass
fraction of polymer binder, % |
20 to 25 |
ALF HOLLAND B.V.
Gedempte Zalmhaven 469
3011 BT Rotterdam
Netherlands
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